ksuchor, Author at Conference on College Composition and Communication

Berkenkotter, Carol. “Paradigm Debates, Turf Wars, and the Conduct of Sociocognitive Inquiry in Composition.” CCC 42.2 (1991): 151-169.

Abstract:

Keywords:

ccc42.2 Research Composition Language Cognitive Knowledge Study Community Categories Methods Rhetoric Writing Culture Field

Works Cited

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Berkenkotter, Carol. “The Legacy of Positivism in Empirical Composition Research.” Journal of Advanced Composition 9 (1989): 69-82.

Berkenkotter, Carol, Thomas N. Huckin, and John Ackerman. “Conventions, Conversations and the Writer: Case Study of a Student in a Rhetoric Ph.D. Program.” Research in the Teaching of English 22 (Feb. 1988): 9-44.

—. “Social Contexts and Socially Constructed Texts: The Initiation of a Graduate Student into a Writing Research Community.” Textual Dynamics of the Professions. Ed. Charles BazerÂman and James Paradis. Madison: U of Wisconsin P, 1991. Forthcoming.

Berlin, James A. “Rhetoric and Ideology in the Writing Class.” College English 50 (Sept. 1988): 477-94.

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Bizzell, Patricia. “Cognition, Convention, and Certainty: What We Need to Know about Writing.” Pre/Text 3 (Fall 1982): 213-43.

—. ”’Cultural Criticism’: A Social Approach to Studying Writing.” Bizzell et al., “What Are We Doing as a Research Community?” 224-30.

—. “What Is a ‘Discourse Community’?” Paper presented at the Pennsylvania State UniÂversity Summer Conference on Rhetoric. University Park, Jul. 1987.

Bizzell, Patricia, Robert J. Connors, Lester Faigley, George N. Hillocks, and Karen Shriver. “What Are We Doing as a Research Community?” Conference on College Composition and Communication Convention. St. Louis, 16 Mar. 1988. Rpt. in Rhetoric Review 7 (Spring 1989): 223-89.

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Cazden, Courtney B. “Classroom Discourse.” Handbook of Research on Teaching. Ed. Merlin Wittrock. 3rd ed. New York: Macmillan, 1986. 432-63.

Chapman, David W., and Gary Tate. “A Survey of Doctoral Programs in Rhetoric and ComÂposition.” Rhetoric Review 5 (Spring 1987): 124-86.

Chomsky, Noam. Rev. of Verbal Behavior, by B. F. Skinner. Language 35 (1959): 26-58.

Clifford, James. “On Ethnographic Allegory.” Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography. Ed. James Clifford and George E. Marcus. Berkeley: U of California P, 1986. 98-121.

—. “On Ethnographic Authority.” Representations 1.2 (Spring 1983): 118-46.

Cooper, Marilyn M. “Why Are We Talking about Discourse Communities? Or, Foundationalism Rears Its Ugly Head Once More.” Writing as Social Action. Marilyn M. Cooper and Michael Holzman. Portsmouth: Boynton, 1989. 202-20.

Cooper, Marilyn M., and Michael Holzman. Writing as Social Action. Portsmouth: Boynton, 1989.

Durst, Russel K. “The Mongoose and the Rat in Composition Research: Insights from the RTE Annotated Bibliography.” CCC 41 (Dec. 1990): 393-408.

Dyson, Anne Haas. “Learning to Write/Learning to Do School: Emergent Writers’ InterpretaÂtions of School Literacy Tasks.” Research in the Teaching of English 18 (Oct. 1984): 233-64.

Faigley, Lester. “Judging Writing, Judging Selves.” CCC 40 (Dec. 1989): 395-412.

Feyerabend, Paul. Against Method. London: New Left, 1975.

Flower, Linda, “Cognition, Context, and Theory Building.” CCC 40 (Oct. 1989): 282-311.

Flower, Linda, and John R. Hayes. “A Cognitive Process Theory of Writing.” CCC 32 (Dec. 1981): 365-87.

Gage, N. L. “The Paradigm Wars and Their Aftermath; A Historical Sketch of Research on Teaching since 1989.” Educational Researcher 18 (Oct. 1989): 4-10.

Geertz, Clifford. The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books, 1973.

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Gilbert, Nigel G. “Referencing as Persuasion.” Social Studies of Science 7 (1977): 113-22.

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Greene, Stuart. “Toward a Dialectical Theory of Composing.” Rhetoric Review 9 (Fall 1990): 149-72.

Harris, Joseph. “The Idea of Community in the Study of Writing.” CCC 40 (Feb. 1989): 11-22.

Heath, Shirley Brice. Ways with Words: Language, Life, and Work in Communities and Classrooms. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1983.

Hudson, R. A. Sociolinguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1980.

Kantor, Kenneth J., Dan R. Kirby, and Judith P. Goetz. “Research in Context: Ethnographic Studies in English Education.” Research in the Teaching of English 15 (Dec. 1981): 293-309.

Kaufmann, David. “The Profession of Theory.” PMLA 105 (May 1990): 519-30.

Knoblauch, C. H., and Lil Brannon. Rhetorical Traditions and the Teaching of Writing. Montclair: Boynton, 1984.

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Lauer, Janice M., and J. William Asher. Composition Research: Empirical Designs. New York: Oxford UP, 1988.

Marcus, George E. “Contemporary Problems of Ethnography in the Modern World System.” Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography. Ed. James Clifford and George E. Marcus. Berkeley: U of California P, 1986. 234-61.

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Perelman, Ch., and Olbrechts-Tyteca, L. The New Rhetoric: A Treatise on Argumentation. Trans. John Wilkinson and Purcell Weaver. Notre Dame: U of Notre Dame P, 1971.

Phelps, Louise W. Composition as a Human Science: Contributions to the Self-Understanding of a DisÂcipline. New York: Oxford UP, 1988.

Phillips, Denis C. “After the Wake: Post-Positivistic Educational Thought.” Educational Researcher 12.5 (May 1983): 4-12.

—. “Post-Positivistic Science: Myths and Realities.” Keyriote Address. Conference on Alternative Paradigms in Educational Research (American Educational Research AssociaÂtion). San Francisco, 25 Mar. 1989. Rpt. in The Paradigm Dialog. Ed. Egon G. Guba. Newbury Park: Sage, 1990. 31-45.

Porter, James E. “Intertextuality and the Discourse Community.” Rhetoric Review 5 (Fall 1986): 34-47.

Rabinow, Paul. “Representations are Social Facts: Modernity and Post-Modernity in AnthroÂpology.” Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography. Ed. James Clifford and George E. Marcus. Berkeley: U of California P, 1986. 234-61.

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Schilb, John. “Ideology and Composition Scholarship.” Journal of Advanced Composition 8 (1988): 22-29.

Shultz, Jeffrey J., Susan Florio, and Frederick Erickson. “Where’s the Floor? Aspects of the Cultural Organization of Social Relationships in Communication at Home and at School.” Children in and out of School: Ethnography and Education. Ed. Perry Gilmore and Allan A. Glatthorn. Washington: Center for Applied Linguistics, 1982. 88-123.

Smith, John K. “Quantitative Versus Qualitative Research: An Attempt to Clarify the Issue.” Educational Researcher 12.3 (Mar. 1983): 6-13.

Williams, Raymond. Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society. New York: Oxford UP, 1976.

Peterson, Linda H. “Gender and the Autobiographical Essay: Research Perspectives, Pedagogical Practices.” CCC 42.2 (1991): 170-183.

Abstract:

Keywords:

ccc42.2 Students Writing Autobiography Women Essays Gender Men Experience Teachers Significance Assignments Self Patterns Topics

Works Cited

Belenky, Mary Field, Blythe McVicker Clinchy, Nancy Rule Goldberger, and Jill Mattuck Tarule. Women’s Ways of Knowing: The Development of Self, Voice, and Mind. New York: Basic Books, 1986.

Bizzell, Patricia. Rev. of What Makes Writing Good, by William E. Coles and James Vopat. CCC 37 (May 1986): 244-47.

Bloom, Lynn Z. The Essay Connection. 2nd ed. Lexington: Heath, 1988.

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Coles, William E., and James Vopat. What Makes Writing Good. Lexington: Heath, 1985.

Connors, Robert J. “Personal Writing Assignments.” CCC 38 (May 1987): 166-83.

Faigley, Lester. “Judging Writing, Judging Selves.” CCC 40 (Dec. 1989): 395-412.

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Flynn, Elizabeth A. “Composing as a Woman.” CCC 39 (Dec. 1988): 423-35.

—. “Composing ‘Composing as a Woman’: A Perspective on Research.” CCC 41 (Feb. 1990): 83-89.

Flynn, Elizabeth A., and Patrocinio P. Schweickart, eds. Gender and Reading: Essays on Readers, Texts, and Contexts. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1986.

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Klaus, Carl H. “Essayists on the Essay.” Literary Nonfiction: Theory, Criticism, Pedagogy. Ed. Chris Anderson. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1989. 155-75.

Martineau, Harriet. Autobiography. 1877. London: Virago, 1983.

Muller, Gilbert H. The McGraw-Hill Reader. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1985.

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Peterson, Linda. “From Egocentric Speech to Public Discourse: Richard Wright Composes His Thoughts on Black Boy.” Bloom 446-61.

Schweickart, Patrocinio P. “Reading Ourselves: Toward a Feminist Theory of Reading.” Flynn and Schweickart 31-62.

Segel, Elizabeth. ”’As the Twig Is Bent. . .’: Gender and Childhood Reading.” Flynn and Schweickart 165-86.

Schorer, Mark, et al. The Harbrace College Reader. 6th ed. San Diego: Harcourt, 1984.

Stubbs, Marcia, and Sylvan Barnet. The Little, Brown Reader. 5th ed. Glenview: Scott, 1989.

White, Edward M. Teaching and Assessing Writing. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1985.

Herrington, Anne J., and Deborah Cadman. “Peer Review and Revising in an Anthropology Course: Lessons for Learning.” CCC 42.2 (1991): 184-199.

Abstract:

Keywords:

ccc42.2 Students Writing Drafts PeerReview Papers Courses Anthropology Comments Research Data

Works Cited

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Gebhardt, Richard. “Teamwork and Feedback: Broadening the Base of Collaborative LearnÂing.” College English 42 (Sept. 1980): 69-74.

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—. “Consensus and Difference in Collaborative Learning.” College English 51 (October 1989): 602-16.

Vipond, Douglas, and Russell A. Hunt. “The Strange Case of the Queen-Post Truss: John McPhee on Writing and Reading.” CCC 42.2 (1991): 200-210.

Abstract:

Keywords:

ccc42.2 JMcPhee QueenPostTruss Reader Writing Forest People GypsyMoth

Works Cited

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Sieminski, Greg C. “Couching Our Cutting with Compassion.” CCC 42.2 (1991): 211-217.

Morrow, Diane Stelzer. “Tutoring Writing: Healing or What?” CCC 42.2 (1991): 218-229.

Schriner, Delores K., and Matthew Willen. “The Facts on Facts: Adaptations to a Reading and Writing Course.” CCC 42.2 (1991): 230-238.

Robinson, William S. “Response to Gary Sloan, ‘Frequency of Errors in Essays by College Freshmen and by Professional Writers.'” CCC 42.2 (1991): 239-240.

Sloan, Gary. “Reply by Gary Sloan.” CCC 42.2 (1991): 240-241.

Bloom, Lynn. Rev. of CCCC Bibliography of Composition and Rhetoric, 1988 by Erika Lindemann and Mary Beth Harding. CCC 42.2 (1991): 242-244.

McClure, Lisa. Rev. of Research in Basic Writing: A Bibliographic Sourcebook by Michael G. Moran and Martin J. Jacobi. CCC 42.2 (1991): 244-246.

Rose, Shirley K. Rev. of The Writing Teacher as Researcher: Essays in the Theory and Practice of Class-Based Research by Donald A. Daiker; Max Morenberg. CCC 42.2 (1991): 246-248.

Troyka, Lynn Quitman. Rev. of Personality and the Teaching of Composition by George H. Jensen and John K. DiTiberio. CCC 42.2 (1991): 248-250.

Lamb, Catherine E. Rev. of Farther Along: Transforming Dichotomies in Rhetoric and Composition by Kate Ronald and Hephzibah Roskelly. CCC 42.2 (1991): 250-251.

Bernhardt, Stephen A. Rev. of Writing Better Computer User Documentation: From Paper to Hypertext by R. John Brockmann; Designing and Writing Online Documentation: Help Files to Hypertext by William K. Horton. CCC 42.2 (1991): 252-254.

Crusius, Timothy W. Rev. of Modern Rhetorical Criticism by Roderick P. Hart. CCC 42.2 (1991): 254-256.

Farrell, Thomas J. Rev. of Oral and Written Communication: Historical Approaches by Richard Leo Enos. CCC 42.2 (1991): 256-258.

Enos, Richard Leo. Rev. of The Older Sophists by Rosamond Kent Sprague. CCC 42.2 (1991): 258-259.

Bridges, Charles W. Rev. of The Student’s Guide to Good Writing: Building Writing Skills for Success in College by Rick Dalton and Marianne Dalton. CCC 42.2 (1991): 259-261.

College Composition and Communication, Vol. 42, No. 3, October 1991

Click here to view the individual articles in this issue at http://www.ncte.org/cccc/ccc/issues/v42-3

Berthoff, Ann E. “Rhetoric as Hermeneutic.” CCC 42.3 (1991): 279-287.

Abstract:

Keywords:

ccc42.3 Interpretation Process Theory CSPeirce Ideas Language Meaning Rhetoric Triadic Community Knowledge Hermeneutics IARichards Semiotics

Works Cited

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Seitz, James. “Composition’s Misunderstanding of Metaphor.” CCC 42.3 (1991): 288-298.

Abstract:

Keywords:

ccc42.3 Metaphor Composition Language Writing Students Discourse Essays LTobin Process Field Simile JDerrida Handbooks FigurativeLanguage Aristotle

Works Cited

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Johnson, Mark. “Metaphor and the Philosophical Tradition.” Philosophical Perspectives on MetaÂphor. Ed. Mark Johnson. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1981. 3-47.

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Knoblauch, C. H., and Lil Brannon. Rhetorical Traditions and the Teaching of Writing. Upper Montclair: Boynton, 1984.

Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1980.

Levin, Samuel. Metaphoric Worlds. New Haven: Yale UP, 1988.

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McQuade, Donald. “Metaphor, Thinking, and the Composing Process.” The Writer’s Mind. Ed. Janice N. Hays et al. Urbana: NCTE, 1983. 221-30.

Nietzsche, Friedrich. “On Truth and Falsity in Their Extramoral Sense.” Essays on Metaphor. Ed. Warren Shibles. Whitewater, WI: Language Press, 1972. 1-13.

North, Stephen. The Making of Knowledge in Composition. Upper Montclair: Boynton, 1987.

Peterson, Linda. “Repetition and Metaphor in Composing.” CCC 36 (1985): 429-43.

Phelps, Louise Wetherbee. Composition as a Human Science. New York: Oxford UP, 1988.

Richards, I. A. The Philosophy of Rhetoric. New York: Oxford UP, 1936.

Ricoeur, Paul. “The Metaphorical Process as Cognition, Imagination, and Feeling.” Sacks 141-57.

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Sacks, Sheldon, ed. On Metaphor. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1979.

Shapiro, Michael, and Marianne Shapiro. Figuration in Verbal Art. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1988.

Smith, Louise. “Enigma Variation: Reading and Writing through Metaphor.” Only Connect: UnitÂing Reading and Writing. Ed. Thomas Newkirk. Upper Montclair: Boynton. 1986. 158-73.

Tobin, Lad. “Bridging Gaps: Analyzing Our Students’ Metaphors for Composing.” CCC 40 (Dec. 1989): 444-58.

Hull, Glynda, et al. “Remediation as Social Construct: Perspectives from an Analysis of Classroom Discourse.” CCC 42.3 (1991): 299-329.

Abstract:

Keywords:

ccc42.3 BraddockAward Students Teachers Classrooms Writing Talk Discourse School Cognitive Music Conversation Remediation MusicVideos Thinking

Works Cited

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Cazden, Courtney B. Classroom Discourse: The Language of Teaching and Learning. Portsmouth, NJ: Heinemann, 1988.

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Heath, Shirley Brice. Ways with Words: Language, Life, and Work in Communities and Classrooms. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1983.

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Hull, Glynda, and Mike Rose. “Rethinking Remediation: Toward a Social-Cognitive UnderÂstanding of Problematic Reading and Writing.” Written Communication 8 (April 1989): 139-54.

—. ” ‘This Wooden Shack Place’: The Logic of an Unconventional Reading .” CCC 41 (Oct. 1990): 287-98.

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—. A Study of Instruction as Discourse. Madison: National Center on Effective Secondary Schools and the Wisconsin Center for Education Research, 1988.

Ogbu, John U., and Maria Eugenia Matute-Bianchi. “Understanding Sociocultural Factors: Knowledge, Identity, and School Adjustment.” Beyond Language: Social and Cultural Factors in Schooling Language Minority Students. Los Angeles: Evaluation, Dissemination and AssessÂment Center of California State U, 1986. 73-142.

Philips, Susan U. The Invisible Culture: Communication in Classroom and Community on the Warm Springs Indian Reservation. New York: Longman, 1983.

Rose, Mike. “Complexity, Rigor, Evolving Method, and the Puzzle of Writer’s Block: Thoughts on Composing Process Research.” When a Writer Can’t Write: Studies in Writer’s Block and Other Composing Process Problems. Ed. Mike Rose. New York: Guilford, 1985. 227-60.

—. “The Language of Exclusion: Writing Instruction at the University.” College English 47 (April 1985): 341-59.

—. “Narrowing the Mind and Page: Remedial Writers and Cognitive Reductionism.” CCC 39 (Oct. 1988): 267-302.

Sacks, H., E. A. Schegloff, and G. Jefferson. “A Simplest Systematics for the Organization of Turn-taking in Conversation.” Language 50 (Dee. 1974): 696-735.

Schecter, Sandra R., and Tamara Lucas. “Literacy Education and Diversity. A Position Paper.” Unpublished manuscript, U of California, Berkeley, 1989.

Shaughnessy, Mina. “Diving In: An Introduction to Basic Writing.” CCC 27 (Oct. 1976): 234-39.

—. Errors and Expectations. New York: Oxford UP, 1977.

Simon, Roger I. “But Who Will Let You Do It? Counter-Hegemonic Possibilities for Work Education.” journal of Education 165 (Summer 1983): 235-56.

Sinclair, J. M., and R. M. Coulthard. Toward an Analysis of Discourse. New York: Oxford UP, 1977.

Sinclair, Robert L., and Ward J. Ghory. Reaching Marginal Students: A Primary Concern for School Renewal. Berkeley: McCutchan, 1987.

Tannen, Deborah. Conversational Style: Analyzing Talk among Friends. Norwood: Ablex, 1984.

Tharp, Roland G., and Ronald Gallimore. Rousing Minds to Life: Teaching, Learning, and SchoolÂing in Social Context. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1989.

Training Teachers of Basic Writing. Special Issue of the Journal of Basic Writing 3.2 (Spring/SumÂmer 1981).

Trimbur, John. “Consensus and Difference in Collaborative Learning.” College English 51 (Oct. 1989): 602-15.

Trueba, Henry T. “Culturally Based Explanations of Minority Students’ Academic AchieveÂment.” Anthropology and Education Quarterly 19 (Dec. 1988): 270-87.

Wertsch, James V. Vygotsky and the Social Formation of Mind. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1985.

Young, Art. Rev. of The Social Uses of Writing: Politics and Pedagogy by Thomas Fox. CCC 42.3 (1991): 372-374.

Holzman, Michael. Rev. of The Violence of Literacy by J. Elspeth Stuckey. CCC 42.3 (1991): 374-376.

Middleton, Joyce Irene Rev. of The Scribal Society: An Essay on Literacy and Schooling in the Information Age by Alan C. Purves. CCC 42.3 (1991): 376-378.

Madigan, Dan. Rev. of On Literacy and Its Teaching: Issues in English Education by Gail E. Hawisher and Anna O. Soter. CCC 42.3 (1991): 378-380.

Rodrigues, Dawn. Rev. of Computers and Writing: Theory, Research, Practice by Deborah H. Holdstein and Cynthia L. Selfe; Computers, Cognition, and Writing Instruction by Marjorie Montague; WritingLands: Composing with Old and New Writing Tools by Jane Zeni. CCC 42.3 (1991): 381-384.

Cooper, Marilyn M. Rev. of The Presence of Thought: Introspective Accounts of Reading and Writing by Marilyn S. Sternglass. CCC 42.3 (1991): 384-386.

Larson, Richard L. Rev. of Developing Discourse Practices in Adolescence and Adulthood by Richard Beach and Susan Hynds. CCC 42.3 (1991): 386-388.

College Composition and Communication, Vol. 42, No. 4, December 1991

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Kent, Thomas. “On the Very Idea of a Discourse Community.” CCC 42.4 (1991): 425-445.

Abstract:

Keywords:

ccc42.4 Discourse World Beliefs DDavidson Theory JTrimbur Community DiscourseCommunities Knowledge Others Language Passing SocialConstruction Interpretation KBruffee PBizzell

Works Cited

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Petraglia, Joseph. “Interrupting the Conversation: The Constructionist Dialogue in ComposiÂtion.” Journal of Advanced Composition 11.1 (Winter 1991): 37-55.

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Scholarship and Public Affairs. Ed. John S. Nelson, Allan Megill, and Donald N. McCloskey. Madison: U of Wisconsin P, 1987. 38-52.

Trimbur, John. “Consensus and Difference in Collaborative Learning.” College English 51 (Oct. 1989): 602-16.

Wallach, John R. “Liberals, Communitarians, and the Tasks of Political Theory.” Political TheÂory 15 (Nov. 1987): 581-611.

Recchio, Thomas E. “A Bakhtinian Reading of Student Writing.” CCC 42.4 (1991): 446-454.

Abstract:

Keywords:

ccc42.4 SFreud Discourse Students Taboo Incest Papers Reading Language Texts Modes MBakhtin Child Father

Works Cited

Bakhtin, M. M. “Discourse in the Novel.” The Dialogic Imagination. Trans. Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist. Ed. Michael Holquist. Austin: U of Texas P, 1981. 259-422.

Freud, Sigmund. “Taboo and the Ambivalance of Emotion.” Ways of Reading. Ed. David Bartholomae and Anthony Petrosky. New York: St. Martin’s, 1987. 253-95.

Scholes, Robert. Textual Power. New Haven: Yale UP, 1985.

Roemer, Marjorie, Lucille M. Schultz, and Russel K. Durst. “Portfolios and the Process of Change.” CCC 42.4 (1991): 455-469.

Abstract:

Keywords:

ccc42.4 Teachers Students Portfolios System Assessment Writing Papers Standards Evaluation

Works Cited

Belanoff, Patricia, and Marcia Dixon, eds. Portfolio Grading: Process and Product. Upper Montclair: Boynton/Cook, 1991.

Belanoff, Patricia, and Peter Elbow. “Using Portfolios to Increase Collaboration and CommuniÂty in a Writing Program.” Writing Program Administration. 9.1-2 (Fall/Winter 1986): 27-40.

Camp, Roberta, and Denise Stavis Levine. “Portfolios Evolving: Background and Variations.” Seventh Annual National Testing Conference on Language and Literacy Assessment. Montreal, Nov. 1989.

Camp, Roberta. “Thinking Together About Portfolios.” The National Writing Project/Center for the Study of Writing Quarterly. 12.2 (Mar. 1990): 8-14, 27.

Cuban, Larry. How Teachers Taught: Constancy and Change in American Classroom, 1890-1980. New York: Longman, 1984.

Daiker, Donald, Jeff Sommers, Gail Stygall, and Laurel Black. “A Program in Portfolio WritÂing Assessment.” Report on a grant from the Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education, United States Department of Education.

Dixon, John. Plenary Session. Seventh Annual National Testing Conference on Language and Literacy Assessment. Montreal, Nov. 1989.

Elbow, Peter, and Patricia Belanoff. “Using Portfolios to Judge Writing Proficiency at SUNY Stony Brook.” New Directions in College Writing Programs. Ed. Paul Connolly and Teresa VilÂardi. New York: MLA, 1986. 95-105.

Fullan, Michael. The Meaning of Educational Change. New York: Teachers College P, 1982.

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Murphy, Sandra, and Mary Ann Smith. “Talking About Portfolios.” The National Writing ProjÂect/Center for the Study of Writing Quarterly. 12.2 (Mar. 1990): 1-3, 24-27.

Portfolio, The Newsletter of Arts Propel. 1. 5 (Dec. 1989). The Pittsburgh Public Schools.

Smit, David W. “Evaluating a Portfolio System.” Writing Program Administration. 14.1-2 (Fall/Winter 1990): 51-62.

Vermont Writing Assessment: The Portfolio. Draft. Montpelier: Vermont State Department of EduÂcation, 1989.

Zaluda, Scott. “Sophisticated Essay: Billie Holiday and the Generation of Form and Idea.” CCC 42.4 (1991): 470-476.

Neverow-Turk, Vara. “Researching the Minimum Wage: A Moral Economy for the Classroom.” CCC 42.4 (1991): 477-483.

Wolff, Janice M. “Writing Passionately: Student Resistance to Feminist Readings.” CCC 42.4 (1991): 484-492.

Farrar, Julie M., Laurence E. Musgrove, Donald C. Stewart, and Wayne Cosby. “Responses to Catherine E. Lamb, ‘Beyond Argument in Feminist Composition.'” CCC 42.4 (1991): 493-498.

Lamb, Catherine E. “Reply by Catherine E. Lamb.” CCC 42.4 (1991): 498-499.

Robinson, Jay L., and Catherine F. Smith. “Response to John Schilb, Review of Conversations on the Written Word: Essays on Language and Literacy .” CCC 42.4 (1991): 499-500.

Schilb, John. “Reply by John Schilb.” CCC 42.4 (1991): 500-501.

Schriner, Delores K., and William C. Rice. “Response to Gail E. Hawisher and Cynthia L. Selfe, ‘The Rhetoric of Technology and the Electronic Writing Class.'” CCC 42.4 (1991): 501-502.

Hawisher, Gail E. and Cynthia L. Selfe. “Reply by Gail E. Hawisher.” CCC 42.4 (1991): 502-503.

Finkle, Sheryl and Charles B. Harris. Rev. of What Is English? by Peter Elbow. CCC 42.4 (1991): 504-508.

Cooper, Marilyn M. Rev. of The Right to Literacy by Andrea A. Lunsford, Helene Moglen, and James Slevin. CCC 42.4 (1991): 508-510.

Bartholomae, David. Rev. of Textual Carnivals: The Politics of Composition by Susan Miller. CCC 42.4 (1991): 510-512.

Comas, James. Rev. of Rhetoric and Philosophy by Richard A. Cherwitz. CCC 42.4 (1991): 512-514.

Crowley, Sharon. Rev. of Rhetoric in American Colleges, 1850-1900 by Albert R. Kitzhaber. CCC 42.4 (1991): 514-516.

Simmons, Sue Carter. Rev. of A Short History of Writing Instruction: From Ancient Greece to Twentieth-Century America by James J. Murphy. CCC 42.4 (1991): 516-518.

Tuman, Myron C. Rev. of Politics of Education: Essays from Radical Teacher by Susan Gushee O’Malley, Robert C. Rosen, and Leonard Vogt. CCC 42.4 (1991): 518-520

Roy, Alice M. Rev. of Not Only English: Affirming America’s Multilingual Heritage by Harvey A. Daniels; Perspectives on Official English by Karen L. Adams and Daniel T. Brink. CCC 42.4 (1991): 520-523.

Shapiro, Nancy. Rev. of Across Cultures: A Reader for Writers by Sheena Gillespie and Robert Singleton; American Mosaic: Multicultural Readings in Context by Barbara Roche Rico and Sandra Mano; Emerging Voices: A Cross-Cultural Reader by Janet Madden-Simpson and Sara M. Blake; Intercultural Journeys through Reading and Writing by Marilyn Smith Layton; Writing about the World by Susan McLeod. CCC 42.4 (1991): 524-530.

Hoffman Eleanor M. Rev. of Current Issues and Enduring Questions: Methods and Models of Argument by Sylvan Barnet and Hugo Bedau; Theme and Variations: The Impact of Great Ideas by Laurence Behrens and Leonard J. Rosen; The Course of Ideas by Jeanne Gunner and Ed Frankel; A World of Ideas: Essential Readings for College Writers by Leo A. Jacobus; Great Ideas: Conversations between Past and Present by Thomas Klein, Bruce Edwards and Thomas Wymer; Casts of Thought: Writing in and against Tradition by George Otte and Linda J. Palumbo. CCC 42.4 (1991): 530-534.

Forman, Janis. Rev. of Teaching Writing That Works: A Group Approach to Practical English by Eric S. Rabkin and Macklin Smith. CCC 42.4 (1991): 534-535

Wells, Will. Rev. of Released into Language: Options for Teaching Creative Writing by Wendy Bishop. CCC 42.4 (1991): 535-537.

College Composition and Communication, Vol. 38, No. 4, December 1987

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Appleby, Bruce C., and Stephen A. Bernhardt. Rev. of Writing with HBJ Writer by Lisa Gerrard; A Writer’s Introduction to Word Processing by Christine Hult and Jeanette Harris; Processing Words: Writing and Revising on a Microcomputer by Bruce L. Edwards, Jr.; Textfiles: A Rhetoric for Word Processing by Ronald A. Sudol. CCC 38.4 (1987): 478-483.

Rev. of Writing at Century’s End: Essays on Computer-Assisted Composition by Lisa Gerrard. CCC 38.4 (1987): 483-484.

Bizzell, Patricia. Rev. of Invention as a Social Act by Karen Burke LeFevre. CCC 38.4 (1987): 485-486.

Warnock, John. Rev. of Cultural Literacy: What Every American Needs to Know by E. D. Hirsch, Jr. CCC 38.4 (1987): 486-490.

Stewart, Donald C. Rev. of Longman Bibliography of Composition and Rhetoric: 1984-1985 by Erika Lindemann. CCC 38.4 (1987): 490-491.

MacDonald, Susan Peck. Rev. of Writing by Elizabeth Cowan Neeld. CCC 38.4 (1987): 491-492.

Bizzaro, Patrick and Stuart Werner. “Collaboration of Teacher and Counselor in Basic Writing.” CCC 38.4 (1987): 458-461.

Ruszkiewicz, John J. “Training Teachers Is a Process Too.” CCC 38.4 (1987): 461-464.

Harris, Jeanette. “Proofreading: A Reading/Writing Skill.” CCC 38.4 (1987): 464-466.

Loux, Ann. “Using Imitations in Literature Classes.” CCC 38.4 (1987): 466-472.

Whitehill, Sharon. “Using the Journal for Discovery: Two Devices.” CCC 38.4 (1987): 472-474.

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McLeod, Susan. “Some Thoughts about Feelings: The Affective Domain and the Writing Process.” CCC 38.4 (1987): 426-435.

Abstract:

McLeod writes that composition studies would benefit from more research on the emotional or affective aspect of writing as it relates to writing anxiety, motivation, and cultural and personal beliefs about writing. She proposes a theory of affect based on George Mandler from which to study these three areas. She claims that it is impossible to write without triggering some emotions, and instructors should help their students channel their emotions so that they enable them during the writing process instead of impede them.

Keywords:

ccc38.4 Writing Students Research Writers Cognitive Success Failure Process Affect Anxiety Beliefs Emotions Theory Plans Studies

Works Cited

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Weiner, Bernard. Achievement Motivation and Attribution Theory. Morristown, NJ: General Learning Press, 1974.

Witte, Stephen P. “Pre-Text and Composing.” CCC 38.4 (1987): 397-425.

Abstract:

Witte argues that the writer’s pre-text, or mental construction of “text” prior to transcription, is such an important composing phenomenon that there must be more theoretical and empirical research in writing on it, specifically think-aloud protocols. From his own research on college freshmen’s pre-texts, he makes four observations about pre-text: pre-text directly affects the direction of the written text; pre-text can be stored in the writer’s memory and used in the text; revising pre-text uses the same strategies as revising written text; and pre-text is not a rigid step in the composing process but a necessary link between translating ideas to written text.

Keywords:

ccc38.4 Pre-text Episode Unit Writers Ideas Composition Protocols Sentence Planning Tasks Linguistics Memory Process Revision

Works Cited

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—. Protocol Analysis: Verbal Reports as Data. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1984.

Faigley, Lester L., et al. Assessing Writers’ Knowledge and Processes of Composing. Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1985.

Faigley, Lester, and Stephen P. Witte. “Analyzing Revision.” CCC 32 (1981): 400-14.

—. “Measuring the Effects of Revisions on Text Structure.” New Directions in Composition Research. Ed. R. Beach and 1. S. Bridwell. New York: Guilford, 1984. 95-108.

Flower, Linda, and John R. Hayes. “A Cognitive Process Theory of Writing.” CCC 32 (1981): 365-87.

—. “Images, Plans, and Prose: The Representation of Meaning in Writing.” Written Communication 1 (1984): 120-60.

Flower, Linda, et al. “Detection, Diagnosis, and the Strategies of Revision.” CCC 37 (1986): 16-55.

Gorrell, Robert M. “How to Make Mulligan Stew: Process and Product Again.” CCC 34 (1983): 272-77.

Halliday, M. A. K. Explorations in the Functions of Language. London: Edward Arnold, 1973.

—. Language as Social Semiotic: The Social Interpretation of Language and Meaning. Baltimore, MD: University Park Press, 1978.

Halliday, M. A. K., and Ruqaiya Hasan. Cohesion in English. London: Longman, 1976.

Hayes, John R., and Linda Flower. “Identifying the Organization of Writing Processes.” Cognitive Processes in Writing. Ed. 1. Gregg and E. Steinberg. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1980. 3-30.

—. “Uncovering Cognitive Processes in Writing: An Introduction to Protocol Analysis.” Research in Writing: Principles and Methods. Ed. P. Mosenthal, L. Tamor, and S. Walmsley. New York: Longman, 1983. 207-20.

Irmscher, William F. ” Finding a Comfortable Identity .” CCC 38 (1987): 81-87.

Murray, Donald M. “Internal Revision: A Process of Discovery.” Research on Composing: Points of Departure. Ed. C. R. Cooper and L. Odell. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English, 1978. 85-103.

Nold, Ellen W. “Revising.” Writing: Process, Development, and Communication. Ed. C. H. Frederiksen and J. F. Dominic. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1981. 67-79.

Nystrand, Martin. The Structure of Written Communication: Studies in Reciprocity Between Writers and Readers. New York: Academic Press, 1986.

Odell, Lee. “Written Products and the Writing Processes.” The Writer’s Mind: Writing as a Mode of Thinking. Ed. J. N. Hayes et al. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English, 1983. 53-65.

Rohman, D. Gordon. “Pre-Writing: The Stage of Discovery in the Writing Process.” CCC 16 (1965): 106-12.

Scardamalia, Marlene, and Carl Bereiter. “Research on Written Composition.” Handbook of Research on Teaching. 3rd ed. Ed. M. C. Wittrock. New York: Macmillan, 1986. 778-803.

Sommers, Nancy I. “Revision Strategies of Student Writers and Experienced Adult Writers.” CCC 31 (1980): 378-88.

Swarts, Heidi, Linda S. Flower, and John R. Hayes. “Designing Protocol Studies of the Writing Process: An Introduction.” New Directions in Composition Research. Ed. R. Beach and L. S. Bridwell. New York: Guilford, 1984.53-71.

Witte, Stephen P. “Revising, Composition Theory, and Research Design.” The Acquisition of Written Language: Response and Revision. Ed. S. W. Freedman. Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1985. 250-84.

—. “Writing Tasks and Composing Processes.” Annual Convention of the Conference on College Composition and Communication. New Orleans, LA, 1986.

Witte, Stephen P., and Roger D. Cherry, “Writing Processes and Written Products in Composition Research.” Studying Writing: Linguistic Approaches. Ed. C. R. Cooper and S. Greenbaum. Written Communication Annual: An International Survey of Research and Theory, Vol. 1. Beverly Hills, CA and London: Sage, 1986. 112-53.

Witte, Stephen P., et al. An Evaluation of DCCCD’s “The Write Course.” Austin, TX: ITS for the Center for Telecommunications and the Annenberg/CPB Foundation, 1985.

Witte, Stephen P., et al. Holistic Evaluation of Writing: Issues in Theory and Practice. New York: Guilford, forthcoming.

Witte, Stephen P., and Lester L. Faigley. “Coherence, Cohesion, and Writing Quality.” CCC 32 (1981): 189-204.

College Composition and Communication, Vol. 38, No. 3, October 1987

Click here to view the individual articles in this issue at http://www.ncte.org/cccc/ccc/issues/v38-3

Huber, Carole A. Rev. of Teaching Writing: Pedagogy, Gender, and Equity by Cynthia L. Caywood and Gillian R. Overing. CCC 38.3 (1987): 355-357.

Stull, William L. Rev. of Language, Schooling, and Society by Stephen N. Tchudi. CCC 38.3 (1987): 357-358.

Harmston, Richard. Rev. of Roots in the Sawdust: Writing to Learn across the Disciplines by Anne Ruggles Gere. CCC 38.3 (1987): 358-359.

Selzer, Jack. Rev. of Research in Technical Communication: A Bibliographical Sourcebook by Michael G. Moran and Debra Journet. CCC 38.3 (1987): 359-360.

Crowhurst, Marion. Rev. of Sentence Combining: A Rhetorical Perspective by Donald A. Daiker, Andrew Kerek, and Max Morenberg. CCC 38.3 (1987): 360-361.

North, Stephen M. Rev. of Teaching One-to-One: The Writing Conference by Muriel Harris. CCC 38.3 (1987): 361-362.

Harris, Jeanette. Rev. of Talking about Writing: A Guide for Tutor and Teacher Conferences by Beverly Lyon Clark. CCC 38.3 (1987): 363.

Sternglass, Marilyn S. Rev. of Facts, Artifacts and Counterfacts: Theory and Method for a Reading and Writing Course by David Bartholomae and Anthony Petrosky. CCC 38.3 (1987): 363-365.

Mason, Nondita. Rev. of Teaching College Students to Read Analytically: An Individualized Approach by Jan Cooper, Rick Evans, and Elizabeth Robertson. CCC 38.3 (1987): 365.

Roy, Alice. Rev. of Thinking, Reading, and Writing, Integrated by Linda Harbaugh Hillman and Barbara Bailey Kessel. CCC 38.3 (1987): 365-366.

Bean, John C. Rev. of Read to Write: A Writing Process Reader by Donald M. Murray. CCC 38.3 (1987): 366-367.

Calderonello, Alice Heim. Rev. of Why We Write: A Thematic Reader by Robert Atwan and Bruce Forer. CCC 38.3 (1987): 367-368.

Flachmann, Kim. Rev. of Writing: Self-Expression and Communication by Julia Dietrich and Marjorie M. Kaiser. CCC 38.3 (1987): 368-369.

Curl, Thelma D. Rev. of Writing in Action: A Collaborative Rhetoric for College Writers by Lea Masiello. CCC 38.3 (1987): 369-370.

Kinkead, Joyce. “Computer Conversations: E-Mail and Writing Instruction.” CCC 38.3 (1987): 337-341.

Johnson, Robert. “Writing from Artifacts.” CCC 38.3 (1987): 342-343.

Zeller, Robert. “Developing the Inferential Reasoning of Basic Writers.” CCC 38.3 (1987): 343-346.

Crew, Louie. “Rhetorical Beginnings: Professional and Amateur.” CCC 38.3 (1987): 346-350.

Elder, Dana C. “Some Resources for Conclusions in Student Essays.” CCC 38.3 (1987): 350-354.

Larson, Richard L. “Selected Bibliography of Scholarship on Composition and Rhetoric, 1986.” CCC 38.3 (1987): 319-336.

Abstract:

This is an update of the selected bibliography of scholarship in composition and rhetoric published in CCC in 1978. It is organized into the following categories: theories of communication/knowledge; rhetorical theory and performance; processes of thought in composing; composing processes; language/text structure; student development; research processes; instructional advice/tutoring/testing/assignments; instructional trends historical/recent; writing/literacy across the curriculum; writing in non-academic situations; and teacher development.

No works cited.

Arrington, Phillip, and Shirley K. Rose. “Prologues to What Is Possible: Introductions as Metadiscourse.” CCC 38.3 (1987): 306-318.

Abstract:

Introductions are both text about text, or metadiscourse, and text about content, and contemporary composition textbooks do not do an adequate job teaching students about this dual role of introductions. Arrington and Rose use Aristotle’s description of the purpose of introductions, situating the text in a greater context and identifying the audience and speaker, and Grice’s maxims to analyze four student-written introductions. One of the main problems for students is that the formulas they are given for writing introductions do not help them balance writing for both the teacher and a larger audience, and teachers should show students how to understand the constraints and contexts of the writing situations they will encounter.

Keywords:

ccc38.3 Texts Introductions Students Writers Context Readers Discourse Aristotle Authority Maxims Conventions AcademicWriting Power Attention Audience

Works Cited

Altieri, Charles. Act and Quality: A Theory of Literary Meaning and Humanistic Understanding. Amherst, MA: U of Massachusetts P, 1981.

Aristotle. The Nichomachean Ethics. Trans. Philip Wheelwright. New York: Odyssey Press, 1935.

—. The Rhetoric of Aristotle. Trans. Lane Cooper. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1932.

Bazerman, Charles. “What Written Knowledge Does: Three Examples of Academic Discourse.” Philosophy of the Social Sciences 11 (1981): 361-87.

Berthoff, Ann E. “Is Teaching Still Possible? Writing, Meaning, and Higher Order Reasoning.” College English 46 (1984): 743-55.

Bitzer, Lloyd F. “The Rhetorical Situation.” Philosophy and Rhetoric 1 (1968): 1-14.

Bloom, Harold. Wallace Stevens: The Poems of Our Climate. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1976.

Burke, Kenneth. A Rhetoric of Motives. 1950. Berkeley: U of California P, 1969.

Cooper, Marilyn M. ‘The Pragmatics of Form: How Do Writers Discover What to Do When?” New Directions in Composition Research. Ed. Richard Beach and Lillian S. Bridwell. New York: Guilford, 1984. 109-26.

Ewing, David. Writing for Results in Business, Government, Sciences, and the Professions. 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley, 1979.

Grice, Paul. “Logic and Conversation.” Syntax and Semantics: Speech Acts. Ed. Peter Cole and Jerry L. Morgan. New York: Academic, 1975.41-58.

Halliday, M. A. K. Exploration in the Function of Language. New York: Elsevier North Holland, Inc., 1973.

Lautamatti, Liisa. “Observations on the Development of the Topic in Simplified Discourse.”‘ Text-Linguistics. Cognitive Learning. and Language Teaching. Ed. Vilijo Kohonen and Nills Erik Enkvist. Turku, Finland, U of Turku, 1978. 71-104.

Odell, Lee, and Dixie Goswami. “Writing in a Nonacademic Setting.” New Directions in Composition Research. Ed. Richard Beach and Lillian Bridwell. New York: Guilford, 1984.

Perelman, Les. “The Context of Classroom Writing.”‘ College English 48 (1986): 471-79.

Phelps, Louise W. “Dialectics of Coherence: Toward an Integrative Theory.” College English 47(1984): 12-29.

Said, Edward W. ‘The Text, the World, the Critic.” Textual Strategies. Ed. Josue V. Harari. Ithaca: New York: Cornell UP, 1979.

Stevens, Wallace. “Prologues to What is Possible.” The Collected Poems of Wallace Stevens, New York: Knopf, 1974.515-17.

Vande Kopple, William J. “Some Exploratory Discourse on Metadiscourse.” CCC 36 (1985): 82-93.

Watson, James D. The Double Helix. Ed. Gunther S. Stent. New York: Norton, 1980.

Williams, Joseph M. Style: Ten Lessons in Clarity and Grace. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman, 1983.

Dasenbrock, Reed Way. “J. L. Austin and the Articulation of a New Rhetoric.” CCC 38.3 (1987): 291-305.

Abstract:

Dasenbrock asserts that the foundation for the creation of New Rhetoric lies in the work of J.L. Austin, a philosopher of language who is credited for speech-act theory. He explains Austin’s speech-act theory, which is based in the belief that language is a mode for acting in the world, not of reflecting it. Austin’s theories defend rhetoric from attacks that it is only concerned with persuasion and tropes and show that it is possible to construct a New Rhetoric that more accurately reflects the rhetorical needs of the modern world.

Keywords:

ccc38.3 Rhetoric JLAustin Language Discourse JLocke ClassicalRhetoric Plato NewRhetoric Sentence Utterance Perlocutionary Illocutionary Persuasion Performative Philosophy

Works Cited

Aristotle. The Rhetoric of Aristotle. Trans. Lane Cooper. 1932. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1960.

Austin, J. L. How to Do Things with Words. Ed. J. O. Urmson and Marina Sbisa. 1962. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1975.

Bach, Kent, and Robert M. Harnish. Linguistic Communication and Speech Acts. 1979. Cambridge: MIT, 1982.

Connors, Robert J., Lisa S. Ede, and Andrea A. Lunsford, eds. Essays on Classical Rhetoric and Modern Discourse. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1984.

Corbett, Edward P. J. Classical Rhetoric for the Modern Student. 1965. New York: Oxford UP, 1971.

Corder, Jim. “On the Way, Perhaps, to a New Rhetoric, but Not There Yet, and if We Do Get There, There Won’t Be There Anymore.” College English 47 (1985): 162-70.

Fish, Stanley. Is There a Text in This Class?: The Authority of Interpretive Communities. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1980.

Grice, Paul. “Logic and Conversation.” Syntax and Semantics: Speech Acts. Ed. Peter Cole and Jerry L. Morgan. New York: Academic Press, 1975.41-58.

Howell, Wilbur Samuel. Eighteenth-Century British Logic and Rhetoric. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1971.

Kinneavy, James. A Theory of Discourse: The Aims of Discourse. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1971.

Knoblauch, C. H., and Lil Brannon. Rhetorical Traditions and the Teaching of Writing. Upper Montclair: Boynton/Cook, 1984.

Lanham, Richard A. Literacy and Survival of Humanism. New Haven: Yale UP, 1983.

—. Revising Prose. New York: Scribner’s, 1979.

Leech, Geoffrey N. Principles of Pragmatics. London: Longman, 1983.

Locke, John. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. 1690. Ed. Peter H. Nidditch. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1975.

Lunsford, Andrea A., and Lisa Ede. “Classical Rhetoric, Modern Rhetoric, and Contemporary Discourse Studies.” Written Communication l (1981): 78-100.

Mailloux, Steven. Interpretive Conventions: The Reader in the Study of American Fiction. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1982.

Plato. Gorgias. Trans. W. C. Helmbold. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1952.

—. Phaedrus. Trans. W. C. Helmbold and W. G. Rabinowitz. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1956.

Searle, John. “Austin on Locutionary and Illocutionary Acts.” The Philosophical Review 77 (1968): 405-24.

—. Expression and Meaning: Studies in the Theory of Speech Acts. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1979.

—. Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1969.

Steinmann, Martin, Jr. “Speech-Act Theory and Writing.” What Writers Know: The Language. Process, and Structure of Written Discourse. Ed. Martin Nystrand. New York: Academic Press, 1982. 291-323.

Strawson, P. F. “On Referring.” Mind 59 (950): 320-44.

Enos, Richard Leo. “The Classical Tradition(s) of Rhetoric: A Demur to the Country Club Set.” CCC 38.3 (1987): 283-290.

Abstract:

Enos argues against the belief that classical rhetoric cannot (and should not) be adapted for the contemporary composition classroom. His rebuttal advocates for an open mind in two ways. First, he resists the notion that first-order scholarship, research of rhetoric, is superior to second-order scholarship, research that applies rhetorical theories to other disciplines and fields. Second, he points out that classical rhetoric is not antiquated or monolithic but rather an continuous aggregate of traditions and theories that do have resonance for the contemporary college composition classroom.

Keywords:

ccc38.3 Rhetoric ClassicalRhetoric Scholarship Composition Tradition Communication Research Study Scholars Discourse History Historians

Works Cited

Bryant, Donald C. “Rhetoric: Its Function and Scope.” The Province of Rhetoric. Ed. Joseph Schwartz and John A. Rycenga. New York: Ronald, 1965. 3-36.

Conley, Thomas M. “The Greekless Reader and Aristotle’s Rhetoric.” Quarterly Journal of Speech 65 (1979): 74-79.

Connors, Robert J., Lisa S. Ede, and Andrea A. Lunsford. “The Revival of Rhetoric in America.” Essays on Classical Rhetoric and Modern Discourse. Ed. Robert J. Connors, Lisa S. Ede, and Andrea A. Lunsford. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1984. 1-15.

Corbett, Edward P. J. “The Usefulness of Classical Rhetoric.” CCC 14 (1963): 162-64.

Dieter, Otto A. L. “Stasis.” Speech Monographs [now Communication Monographs] 17 (1950): 345-69.

Enos, Richard Leo. “The Classical Period.” The Present State of Scholarship in Historical and Contemporary Rhetoric. Ed. Winifred Bryan Horner. Columbia: U of Missouri P, 1983. 10-39.

Enos, Richard Leo, and Elizabeth Odoroff. “The Orality of the ‘Paragraph’ in Greek Rhetoric.” Pre/Text 6 (1985): 51-65.

Gage, John T. “The 2000 Year-Old Straw Man.” Rhetoric Review 3 (1984): 100-05.

Hudson, Hoyt H. “The Field of Rhetoric.” Historical Studies of Rhetoric and Rhetoricians. Ed. Raymond F. Howes. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1961. 3-15.

Moss, Jean Dietz, ed. Rhetoric and Praxis: The Contribution of Classical Rhetoric to Practical Reasoning. Washington: Catholic U of America P, 1986.

Murphy, James J. Prologue. The Rhetorical Tradition and Modern Writing. Ed. James J. Murphy. New York: MLA, 1982. v-vii.

Nichols, Marie Hochmuth. “The Tyranny of Relevance.” Spectra 6.1 (1970): 1, 9-10.

Solmsen, Friedrich. “The Aristotelian Tradition in Ancient Rhetoric.” Aristotle: The Classical Heritage of Rhetoric. Ed. Keith V. Erickson. Metuchen, NJ; Scarecrow P, 1974. 278-309.

Thompson, Wayne N. “A Conservative View of a Progressive Rhetoric.” Contemporary Theories of Rhetoric: Selected Readings. Ed. Richard L. Johannesen. New York: Harper & Row, 1971. 9-17.

Welch, Kathleen Ethel. “Research in Classical Rhetoric: Context, Relational Meaning, and a Usable Past.” Oldspeak/Newspeak: Rhetorical Transformations. Ed. Charles W. Kneupper. Arlington: Rhetoric Society of America, 1985. 119-26.

Windt, Theodore Otto, Jr. “Everett Lee Hunt on Rhetoric.” The Speech Teacher [now Communication Education] 21 (1972): 177-92.

Welch, Kathleen E. “Ideology and Freshman Textbook Production: The Place of Theory in Writing Pedagogy.” CCC 38.3 (1987): 269-282.

Abstract:

Welch argues both that freshman composition textbooks do not reflect current research and theories in the field of composition and that instead, the theories that drive most freshman composition textbooks are based in Cicero’s five classical canons and Alexander Bain’s modes of discourse. Welch argues that the antiquated theories presented in the textbooks are written for instructors more so than students; textbooks both train new teachers and reinforce the current-traditionalist beliefs of veteran teachers. Welch advocates a pedagogy that favors written student texts over a textbook. By using student texts, an instructor can more effectively teach the importance of the context of whole discourses, which is difficult to do with the short excerpts used in textbooks.

Keywords:

ccc38.3 Writing Textbooks Language Rhetoric Canons Students Theory Composition Modes FYC Texts Power Plato Discourse Ideology Belief Pedagogy

Works Cited

Applebee, Arthur N. Tradition and Reform in the Teaching of English. Urbana: NCTE, 1974.

Aristotle, The Rhetoric of Aristotle. Trans. Lane Cooper. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1932.

Axelrod, Rise B., and Charles R. Cooper. The St. Martin’s Guide to Writing. New York: Sr. Martin’s, 1985.

Bain, Alexander. English Composition and Rhetoric. New York: D. Appleton, 1866.

Bleich, David. Subjective Criticism. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1978.

Bramer, George R., and Dorothy Sedley. Writing for Readers. Columbus: Charles E. Merrill Publishing Co., 1981.

Burke, Kenneth. Counter-Statement. 2nd ed. Berkeley: U of California P, 1968.

—. Permanence and Change. 3rd ed. Berkeley: U of California P, 1984.

Cicero. On the Character of the Orator. Cicero on Ortory and Ortors. Trans. J. S. Watson. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1984.

Connors, Robert. Review of The St. Martin’s Guide to Writing. by Rise B. Axelrod and Charles R. Cooper. Rhetoric Review. 5 (1986): 106-10.

—. “The Rise and Fall of the Modes of Discourse.” CCC 32 (1981): 444-55.

—. “Textbooks and the Evolution of the Discipline.” CCC 37 (1986): 178-94.

Crews, Frederick. The Random House Handbook. 3rd ed. New York: Random House, 1980.

Donald, Robert B., Betty Richmond Morrow, Lillian Griffith Wargetz, and Kathleen Werner. Models for Clear Writing. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1984.

Eagleton, Terry. Literary Theory: An Introduction. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1983.

—. Walter Benjamin: Or Towards a Revolutionary Criticism. London: Verso, 1981.

Elbow, Peter. Writing Without Teachers. London: Oxford UP, 1973.

Flower, Linda. Problem-Solving Strategies for Writing. 2nd ed. San Diego: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1985.

Gunn, Janet Varner. Review of American Autobiography by G. Thomas Couser. American Literature 52 (1980): 314-16.

Havelock, Eric A. “The Alphabetization of Homer.” Communication Arts in the Ancient World. Ed. Eric A. Havelock and Jackson P. Hershbell. New York: Hastings House, 1978.

Kennedy, George. The Art of Persuasion in Greece. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1963.

—. Classical Rhetoric and Its Christian and Secular Tradition from Ancient to Modern Times. Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1980.

Kirszner, Laurie G., and Stephen R. Mandell. Writing: A College Rhetoric New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1985.

Knoblauch, C. H., and Lil Brannon. Rhetorical Traditions and the Teaching of Writing. Upper Montclair, N. J.: Boynton/Cook, 1984.

Lauer, Janice M., Gene Montague, Andrea Lunsford, and Janet Emig. Four Worlds of Writing. New York: Harper and Row, 1985.

Ong, Walter J. “McLuhan as Teacher: The Future Is a Thing of the Past.” Journal of Communication. 31.3 (1981): 129-35.

—. Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word. London: Methuen, 1982.

—. The Presence of the Word. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1981.

Plato. Phaedrus. Trans. W. C. Helmbold and W. G. Rabinowitz. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1956.

Rhetorica Ad Herennium. Trans. Harry Caplan. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1954.

Polanyi, Michael. Knowing and Being. Chicago: U. of Chicago P, 1969.

Rose, Mike. “Sophisticated, Ineffective Books: The Dismantling of Process in Composition Texts.” CCC 32 (1981): 65-73.

—. “Speculations on Process Knowledge and the Textbook’s Static Page.” CCC 34(983): 208-13.

Stewart, Donald. “Composition Textbooks and the Assault on Tradition.” CCC 29 (1978): 171-76. Rpt. in The Writing Teacher’s Sourcebook. Ed. Gary Tate and Edward P. J. Corbett. New York: Oxford UP, 1981. 180-86.

White, Fred. Reconsidering the Usefulness of Rhetoric Textbooks in Freshman Composition Courses, ERIC, 1984. ED 250 685.

College Composition and Communication, Vol. 38, No. 2, May 1987

Click here to view the individual articles in this issue at http://www.ncte.org/cccc/ccc/issues/v38-2

Witte, Stephen P., and Richard L. Larson. Rev. of Research on Written Composition: New Directions for Teaching by George Hillocks, Jr. CCC 38.2 (1987): 202-211.

White, Edward M. Rev. of Measures for Research and Evaluation in the English Language Arts by William T. Fagan, Julie M. Jensen, and Charles Cooper. CCC 38.2 (1987): 212-213.

Purves, Alan C. Rev. of Writing Assessment: Issues and Strategies by Karen L. Greenberg, Harvey S. Wiener, and Richard A. Donovan. CCC 38.2 (1987): 213-214.

Murray, Donald M. Rev. of Notebooks of the Mind: Explorations of Thinking by Vera John-Steiner. CCC 38.2 (1987): 215-216.

Miller, Susan. Rev. of Communication and Knowledge: An Investigation in Rhetorical Epistemology by Richard A. Cherwitz and James Hikins. CCC 38.2 (1987): 216-218.

Moore, Dennis. Rev. of The Best American Essays 1986 by Elizabeth Hardwick and Robert Atwan. CCC 38.2 (1987): 218-219.

Davis, Ken. Rev. of Training the New Teacher of College Composition by Charles W. Bridges CCC 38.2 (1987): 219-220.

Lunsford, Andrea A. Rev. of The Teaching of Writing: Eighty-Fifth Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education by Anthony R. Petrosky and David Bartholomae. CCC 38.2 (1987): 220-222.

Comprone, Joseph J. Rev. of Composition/Rhetoric: A Synthesis by W. Ross Winterowd. CCC 38.2 (1987): 222-224.

Withers, Kenney. Rev. of Getting into Print: The Decision-Making Process in Scholarly Publishing by Walter W. Powell. CCC 38.2 (1987): 224-225.

Beauvais, Paul J. Rev. of A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language by Randolph Quirk, Sidney Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech, and Jan Svartvik. CCC 38.2 (1987): 225-226.

Rodrigues, Dawn. Rev. of Writing On-Line: Using Computers in the Teaching of Writing by James L. Collins and Elizabeth A. Sommers. CCC 38.2 (1987): 26-227.

Lutz, Jean A. Rev. of Teaching Writing with a Word Processor, Grades 7-13 by Dawn Rodrigues and Raymond J. Rodrigues. CCC 38.2 (1987): 227-228.

Maimon, Elaine P. Rev. of Writing across the Disciplines: Research into Practice by Art Young and Toby Fulwiler. CCC 38.2 (1987): 228-229.

Young, Art. Rev. of Form and Surprise in Composition: Writing and Thinking across the Curriculum by John C. Bean and John D. Ramage; Making Connections across the Curriculum: Readings for Analysis by Patricia Chittenden and Malcolm Kiniry; The Course of Ideas: College Writing and Reading by Jeanne Gunner and Ed Frankel. CCC 38.2 (1987): 230-234.

Brereton, John. Rev. of The Versatile Writer by Donald C. Stewart. CCC 38.2 (1987): 234-235.

Bryant, Paul T. Rev. of The Writer in Performance by Jack Dodds. CCC 38.2 (1987): 235-236.

Gillam-Scott, Alice. Rev. of Making Your Point: A Guide to College Writing by Laraine Flemming. CCC 38.2 (1987): 236-238.

Sherwood, Phyllis A. Rev. of Strategies for Successful Writing by James A. Reinking and Andrew W. Hart. CCC 38.2 (1987): 238-239.

Raimes, Ann. Rev. of Active Writing by Timothy H. Robinson and Laurie Modrey. CCC 38.2 (1987): 239-240.

Rank, Hugh. Rev. of A Guide to Writing Sociology Papers by UCLA Sociology Writing Group. CCC 38.2 (1987): 240-241.

Slevin, James F. Rev. of The Nuclear Predicament: A Sourcebook by Donna Gregory. CCC 38.2 (1987): 241-242.

Moxley, Joseph M. Rev. of The Process Reader by Richard E. Ray, Gary A. Olson, and James De-George. CCC 38.2 (1987): 243.

Lamb, Catherine. Rev. of The Writer’s World: An Essay Anthology by Linda Woodson. CCC 38.2 (1987): 244.

Tobin, Laurence. “Faculty Training in Computers and Composition: Warnings and Recommendations.” CCC 38.2 (1987): 195-198.

Skubikowski, Kathleen, and John Elder. “Word Processing in a Community of Writers.” CCC 38.2 (1987): 198-201.

Russell, David R. “Writing across the Curriculum and the Communications Movement: Some Lessons from the Past.” CCC 38.2 (1987): 184-194.

Abstract:

Russell uses two historical examples, the Functional Writing Program at Colgate (1949-1961) and the Prose Improvement Committee at UC Berkeley (1950-1965), to show the underlying issues that surround the institutional resistance to WAC programs. He argues that these programs failed to take hold at their universities because they were not able to successfully integrate writing instruction in the organizational structure of the university, which favored the German research model and the elective system and was suspicious of interdisciplinary endeavors. In order for WAC programs to succeed, they must be part of an institutional-wide plan, be adequately funded, and be given adequate time to transform from a trend to a tradition.

Keywords:

ccc38.2 Writing Programs Faculty WAC University Students CrossCurricular Berkeley Colgate Departments Process Curriculum Assignments

Works Cited

Applebee, Arthur N. Tradition and Reform in the Teaching of English: A History. Urbana: NCTE, 1974.

—. Contexts for Learning to Write: Studies of Secondary School Instruction. Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1984.

Bird, Nancy K. “The Conference on College Composition and Communication: A Historical Study of Its Continuing Education and Professionalization Activities, 1947-1975.” Diss. Virginia Polytechnic Institute, 1977.

Bizzell, Patricia. “Thomas Kuhn, Scientism, and English Studies.” College English 40 (1979): 764-71.

Connors, Robert J., Lisa S. Ede, and Andrea A. Lunsford. “The Revival of Classical Rhetoric in America.” Essays on Classical Rhetoric and Modern Discourse. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1984.

Cremin, Lawrence A. The Transformation of the School: Progressivism in American Education. New York: Vantage, 1961.

Fulwiler, Toby. “How Well Does Writing Across the Curriculum Work?” College English 46 (1984): 114-20.

Functional Writing Program Documents. Archives of Colgate University, Hamilton, NY.

Graham, Joan. “What Works: The Problems and Rewards of Cross-Curricular Writing Programs.” Current Issues in Higher Education 3 (1983-84): 16-26.

“Harvard Plan.” Editorial. Nation 22 Apr. 1915: 431.

Kistler, Jonathan. Letter to the author. 30 Apr. 1986.

Knoblauch, C. W., and Lil Brannon, “Writing as Learning through the Curriculum.” CollegeEnglish 45 (1983): 465-74.

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Terrell, Huntington. Personal interview. 31 Mar. 1986.

Connors, Robert J. “Personal Writing Assignments.” CCC 38.2 (1987): 166-183.

Abstract:

Connors investigates at the history of the writing subjects teachers assign students from ancient times until today by looking at how textbook assignments evolved over time. He discovers a shift in the mid to late 1800s from impersonal assignments that asked students to comment on an issue in the public sphere to assignments that narrowly focus on personal feelings, ideas, and experiences. Personal writing never completely took over writing instruction, he argues, and he points to the rise of the research paper, the use of literature in composition classrooms, and the emphasis on argumentative and expository writing as proof. Connors claims that instructors must find a middle ground between personal and impersonal writing assignments, tasks that allow students to start from what they know but to branch into an larger public conversation.

Keywords:

ccc38.2 Writing Subjects Students Composition Invention Rhetoric Topics Teachers Assignments Personal PersonalWriting Literature Abstract Subjects Modes Knowledge Textbooks

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Freed, Richard C., and Glenn J. Broadhead. “Discourse Communities, Sacred Texts, and Institutional Norms.” CCC 38.2 (1987): 154-165.

Abstract:

The authors argue that analyzing the written materials and terminology of discourse communities is a powerful way to understand the values and the systems of those communities. It is vital that students understand how to analyze the discourse communities they are writing to and in so that they can most effectively and persuasively construct their messages. The authors advocate teaching students ethnographic methods for learning about different discourse communities and cultures. Also, instructors should employ an ethnographic perspective on their own teaching and courses to discover what assumptions exist in their pedagogy.

Keywords:

ccc38.2 Client DiscourseCommunities Consultants Study Proposals Writing Norms Culture Institutions Writers ProfessionalWriting

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Nystrand, Martin. “Rhetoric’s ‘Audience’ and Linguistics’ ‘Speech Community’: Implications for Understanding Writing, Reading, and Text.” What Writers Know. Ed. Martin Nystrand. New York: Academic Press, 1982.

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Brooke, Robert. “Underlife and Writing Instruction.” CCC 38.2 (1987): 141-153.

Abstract:

Brooke uses the sociological concept of underlife (behaviors that undercut expected roles) to explain how both teachers and students redefine their traditional roles in the writing classroom. From his semester-long study of a freshman writing class, Brooke observes how students push against teacher expectations and teachers deliberately structure their class differently than others at the university. Brooke argues that writing instruction acts to disrupt the existing educational system and institution, offering a different model of classrooms in its place, one that favors autonomy and action.

Keywords:

ccc38.2 BraddockAward Students Classrooms Writing Underlife Roles Teachers Identity Activities EGoffman Behaviors Interaction Individuals Instruction

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