College Composition and Communication, Vol. 53, No. 3, February 2002

Click here to view the individual articles in this issue at http://www.ncte.org/cccc/ccc/issues/v53-3

Bizzell, Patricia. Rev. of “We Are Coming”: The Persuasive Discourse of Nineteenth-Century Black Women by Shirley Wilson Logan. CCC. 53.3 (2002): 542-544.

Jones, Sharon L. Rev. of A Group of Their Own: College Writing Courses and American Women Writers, 1880-1940 by  Katherine H. Adams. CCC. 53.3 (2002): 544-547.

Herzberg, Bruce. Rev. of Community Literacy Programs and the Politics of Change by Jeffrey T. Grabill. CCC. 53.3 (2002): 547-549.

Grabill, Jeffrey T. Rev. of Listening Up: Reinventing Ourselves as Teachers and Students by Rachel Martin. CCC. 53.3 (2002): 549-552.

Troyka, Lynn Quitman. “Journal of an Exemplar.” CCC. 53.3 (2002): 533-541.

Abstract:

Using a journal format, I recall vignettes with a personal slant from the history of CCCC, NCTE, TYCA, and Open Admissions at CUNY. They serve as setting for my brief public remarks, included here, made in response to being given the CCCC Exemplar Award at the 2001 CCCC Convention in Denver, Colorado.

Works Cited

Hughes, Langston. “Mother to Son”. Selected Poems. New York: Knopf, 1926. Rpt. In Search of Color Everywhere: A Collection of African-American Poetry . Ed. E. Ethelbert Miller. New York:

Stewart, Tabori, & Chang, 1994. 69. Kumin, Maxine. Up Country. New York: Harper, 1972.

Piercy, Marge. “To be of use.” To Be of Use. New York: Doubleday, 1973. 49.

Okawa, Gail Y. “Diving for Pearls: Mentoring as Cultural and Activist Practice among Academics of Color.” CCC. 53.3 (2002): 507-532.

Abstract:

For senior scholars of color like Geneva Smitherman and Victor Villanueva, mentoring is more than an academic exercise. From them and their prot�g�s, we may gain some understanding of the complexities and costs of building a multiethnic/multiracial professoriate in our discipline.

Keywords:

ccc53.3 GSmitherman VVillanueva Language Time Color Relationships Culture Mentoring Activist Scholars University Profession MultiEthnic Faculty GraduateStudents

Works Cited

Bambara, Toni Cade. Foreword. This Bridge Called My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Color. Ed. Cherríe Moraga and Gloria Anzaldúa. New York: Kitchen Table: Women of Color, 1983. vi-viii.

Barthold, Bonnie J. Black Time : Fiction of Africa, the Caribbean, and the United States. New Haven: Yale UP, 1981.

Blackwell, James E. Mainstreaming Outsiders: The Production of Black Professionals . 2nd ed. Dix Hills, NY: General Hall, 1987.

Bowser, Benjamin P., Gale S. Aluetta, and Terry Jones. Confronting Diversity Issues on Campus. New Park, CA: Sage, 1993.

Chaitt, Richard, and Cathy Trower. “Professors at the Color Line.” The New York Times. <http://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/11/opinion/11CHAI.html?ex=1001213947&ei=1&en=649357b24cd4746b>.

Espinosa-Aguilar, Amanda. “Making My Way Through Academe.” Personal narrative. Oshkosh, WI, 1997.

Estrada, Maria de Jesus. ” Con Ganas Todo se Puede , but with a Mentor, Nothing is Impossible.” Personal narrative. Pullman, WA, 1997.

Gilyard, Keith. Voices of the Self : A Study of Language Competence. Detroit: Wayne State UP, 1991.

Hall, Edward T. The Dance of Life: The Other Dimension of Time . Garden City, NY: Anchor/Doubleday, 1983.

Harmon, Mary E. “Untitled.” Personal narrative. Owosso, MI, 1998.

Holloway, Karla F. C. “Cultural Politics in the Academic Community: Masking the Color Line.” College English 55 (1993): 610-17.

hooks, bell. Talking Back: Thinking Feminist, Thinking Black . Boston: South End, 1989.

JanMohamed, Abdul R., and David Lloyd. “Introduction: Toward a Theory of Minority Discourse: What Is To Be Done?” The Nature and Context of Minority Discourse. Ed. Abdul R. JanMohamed and David Lloyd. New York: Oxford UP, 1990. 1-16.

Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1980.

Luna, G., and D.L. Cullen. “Empowering the Faculty: Mentoring Redirected and Renewed.” ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report No. 3 . Washington, DC: George Washington University, 1995.

Martins, David. “Conversations with Victor.” Personal narrative. Houghton, MI, 1997. McLaughlin, Daniel, and William G. Tierney, eds. Naming Silenced Lives: Personal Narratives and the Process of Educational Change . New York: Routledge, 1993.

Mishler, Elliot G. Research Interviewing : Context and Narrative. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1986.

Morrison, Toni. Playing in the Dark . New York: Vintage, 1993.

Muhammad, Rashidah Jaami’. “Keep On Keepin On, We Need You.” Personal narrative. Richton Park, IL, 1997.

National Council of Teachers of English. Ideas, Historias y Cuentos: Breaking with Precedent. 1998 CCCC Annual Convention Program. Urbana, IL: NCTE, 1998.

Okawa, Gail Y. “Expanding Perspectives of Teacher Knowledge: A Descriptive Study of Autobiographical Narratives of Writing Teachers of Color.” Diss. Indiana of Pennsylvania, 1995.

Padilla, Raymon V., and Rudolfo C. Chávez, eds. The Leaning Ivory Tower: Latino Professors in American Universities . Albany: SUNY P, 1995.

Pratt, Mary Louise. “Arts of the Contact Zone.” Profession 91 (1991): 33-40.

Reyes, Maria de la Luz, and John J. Halcón. “Practices of the Academy: Barriers to Access for Chicano Academics.” The Racial Crisis in American Higher Education. Ed. Philip G. Altbach and Kofi Lomotey. Albany: SUNY P, 1991. 167-86.

Richardson, Elaine. “Working with Geneva, the Diva of Black Language and Culture.” Personal narrative. Minneapolis, MN, 1997.

Riessman, C. K. Narrative Analysis . Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1993. Rodríguez Connal, Louise. “Untitled.” Personal narrative. Tucson, AZ, 1997.

Sciachitano, Marian M. “Theorizing about Ideology, Culture, and Gender Conflict in the Classroom: Can an Asian American Woman ‘Talk Back’?” Works and Days: Essays in the Socio-Historical Dimensions of Literature and the Arts 8 (1990): 49-60.

Smitherman, Geneva. Personal interview. July, 1997.

Smitherman, Geneva. Talkin and Testifyin: The Language of Black America . Detroit: Wayne State UP, 1977.

Tierney, William G., and Yvonna S. Lincoln, eds. Representation and the Text: Reframing the Narrative Voice . Albany: SUNY P, 1997.

Turner, Caroline S. V., and Samuel L. Meyers, Jr. Faculty of Color in Academe: Bittersweet Success. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 2000.

Villanueva, Victor, Jr. Bootstraps: From an American Academic of Color . Urbana, IL: NCTE, 1993.

—. Personal interview. July, 1997. Willie, Charles V., Michael K. Grady, and Richard O. Hope. African-Americans and the Doctoral Experience: Implications for Policy . New York: Teachers College P, 1991.

Yamada, Mitsuye. “Invisibility is an Unnatural Disaster: Reflections of an Asian American Woman.” This Bridge Called My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Color . Ed. Cherríe Moraga and Gloria Anzaldúa. New York: Kitchen Table: Women of Color, 1983. 35-40.

Bizzaro, Resa Crane. “Making Places as Teacher-Scholars in Composition Studies: Comparing Transition Narratives.” CCC. 53.3 (2002): 487-506.

Abstract:

This article compares entrance-to-the-profession narratives of the past thirty years. Selecting major theorists and senior and junior minority scholars, the author describes their efforts to become professionals in the field. The Native American author argues for including Other voices in analyzing the history of composition studies.

Keywords:

ccc53.3 Composition Students GraduateStudents Stories NativeAmerican Writing Profession Work Family Minority Education Scholarship Teachers

Works Cited

Anderson, Joyce Rain. Electronic interview. 16 July 2000.

Bartholomae, David. Telephone interview. 23 Mar. 1998.

Bizzaro, Patrick. ” What I Learned in Grad School, or Literary Training and the Theorizing of Composition .” College Composition and Communication 50 (1999): 722-42.

Brereton, John C., ed. The Origins of Composition Studies in the American College, 1875-1925: A Documentary History . Pittsburgh: U Pittsburgh P, 1995.

Dial, Adolph L. The Lumbee. Ed. Frank W. Porter, III. New York: Chelsea House, 1993.

Ede, Lisa. Personal interview. Chicago, IL. 3 Apr. 1998.

Elbow, Peter. Personal interview. Chicago, IL. 4 Apr. 1998.

Fitzgerald, Kathryn R. “From Disciplining to Discipline: A Foucauldian Examination of the Formation of English as a School Subject.” 1 Dec. 1999. <http://www.cas.usf.edu/JAC/163/ fitzgerald.htm>.

Flower, Linda. Personal interview. Pittsburgh, PA. 13 Mar. 1998.

Foucault, Michel. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison . Trans. Alan Sheridan. New York: Vintage, 1979.

Fulwiler, Toby. Personal interview. Chicago, IL. 3 Apr. 1998.

Gilyard, Keith. Voices of the Self: A Study of Language Competence . Detroit: Wayne State UP, 1991.

Harris, Joseph. ” A Usable Past: CCC at 50.” College Composition and Communication 50 (1999): 559-61.

Heath, Shirley Brice. Ways With Words: Language, Life, and Work in Communities and Classrooms . Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1983.

Lindemann, Erika. Personal interview. Chapel Hill, NC. 1 Mar. 1998.

Lyons, Scott Richard. Electronic interview. 19 July 2000.

—. ” Rhetorical Sovereignty: What Do American Indians Want from Writing? ” College Composition and Communication 51 (2000): 447-68.

Nerad, Maresi, and Joseph Cerny. “From Rumors to Facts: Career Outcomes of English PhDs.” ADE Bulletin 124 (2000): 43-55.

Powell, Malea. Electronic interview. 18 July 2000.

Royster, Jacqueline Jones. Electronic interview. 5 Mar. 2001.

—. “When the First Voice You Hear Is Not Your Own.” College Composition and Communication 47 (1996): 29-40.

Royster, Jacqueline Jones, and Jean C. Williams. ” History in the Spaces Left: African American Presence and Narratives of Composition Studies .” College Composition and Communication 50 (1999): 563-84.

Thompson, James W., R. Dale Walker, and Patricia Silk-Walker. “Psychiatric Care for American Indians and Alaska Natives.” Culture, Ethnicity, and Mental Illness. Ed. Albert C. Gaw. Washington, D.C.: American Psychology P, 1993. 189-240.

Villanueva, Victor, Jr. Bootstraps: From an American Academic of Color . Urbana, IL: NCTE, 1993.

—. “Considerations for American Freireistas.” Cross-Talk in Comp Theory: A Reader. Ed. Victor Villanueva, Jr. Urbana, IL: NCTE, 1997.

—. ” On the Rhetoric and Precedents of Racism .” College Composition and Communication 50 (1999): 645-61.

Wertsch, Mary Edwards. Military Brats: Legacies of Childhood Inside the Fortress . New York: Harmony, 1991.

Young, Art. “Surprising Myself as a Teacher in Houghton, America.” Teaching College English and English Education: Reflective Stories . Ed. H. Thomas McCracken, Richard L. Larson, and Judith Entes. Urbana, IL: NCTE, 1998. 10-20.

—. Telephone interview. 31 Mar. 1998.

Pough, Gwendolyn D. “Empowering Rhetoric: Black Students Writing Black Panthers.” CCC. 53.3 (2002): 466-486.

Abstract:

This article examines Black student responses to Black Panther Party documents and how those documents moved the students toward change. I maintain that by allowing the classroom to function as a public space in which students can discuss the issues that matter to them, teachers can help to foster and encourage student activism and ultimately their empowerment.

Keywords:

ccc53.3 BlackStudents Activist AfricanAmerican BlackPanthers Class Diversity Writing Autobiography Students Change Campus Education PublicSphere

Works Cited

Bennett, Lerone. The Shaping of Black America: The Struggles of African- Americans, 1619 to the 1990s. New York: Penguin, 1999.

Black Action Movement. “Closing the Existing Rift: BAM Explains the True Nature of Its Organization,” The Miami Student 8 Apr. 1997: 3.

The Black Public Sphere Collective, eds. The Black Public Sphere: A Public Culture Book. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1995.

Brown, Elaine. A Taste of Power: A Black Woman’s Story . New York: Pantheon, 1992.

Courtright, John A. “Rhetoric of the Gun: An Analysis of Rhetorical Modifications of the Black Panther Party.” Journal of Black Studies 4 (1974: 249-67).

Cushman, Ellen. “The Rhetorician as Agent of Social Change,” College Composition and Communication 47 (1996): 7-28.

Ervin, Elizabeth. “Academics and the Negotiation of Local Knowledge.” College English 61 (1999): 448-70.

Foner, Philip S., ed. The Black Panthers Speak . New York: Da Capo, 1995.

Garland, James C. “Response to the Black Action Movement.” Letter. 3 Apr. 1997. Gilyard, Keith. Let’s Flip the Script: An African American Discourse on Language, Literature, and Learning . Detroit: Wayne State UP, 1996.

Hale, Christine. “Does Miami Have Diversity?” Miami University Women’s Center Newsletter. Jan./Feb. 1996: 1, 12.

Holt, Thomas Co. “Afterward: Mapping the Black Public Sphere.” The Black Public Sphere: A Public Culture Book . Ed. The Black Public Sphere Collective. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1995. 325-28.

hooks, bell. Teaching to Transgress: Education as the Practice of Freedom . New York: Routledge, 1994.

Levine, Lawrence W. Black Culture and Black Consciousness: Afro-American Folk Thought from Slavery to Freedom. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1977.

Newton, Huey P. Revolutionary Suicide . New York: Writers and Readers, 1995.

—. “The Women’s Liberation and Gay Liberation Movements: August 15, 1970.” To Die for the People. New York: Writers and Readers, 1995. 152-55.

Newton, Huey P., and Bobby Seale. “What We Want, What We Believe.” Foner 2-3. Nieberding J. Letter. The Miami Student 5 Mar. 1996: 6.

Reagon, Bernice Johnson. “Coalition Politics: Turning the Century.” Race, Class, and Gender: An Anthology. Ed. Margaret L. Anderson and Patricia Hill Collins. Boston: Wadsworth, 1995. 540-46

Seale, Bobby. “Bobby Seale Explains Panther Politics.” Foner 81-87.

—. Seize the Time: The Story of the Black Panther Party and Huey P. Newton. Baltimore: Black Classics, 1991.

Shor, Ira. Empowering Education: Critical Teaching for Social Change . Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1992.

Turner, Patricia A. Ceramic Uncles and Celluloid Mammies: Black Images and Their Influences on Culture. New York: Anchor, 1994.

Wells, Susan. “Rogue Cops and Health Care: What Do We Want from Public Writing?” College Composition and Communication 47 (1996): 325-41.

Woods, Joanne F. Letter. The Miami Student. 1 Mar. 1996: 6.

Woodson, Carter G. The Mis-Education of the Negro . Trenton: Africa World, 1990.

Gonsalves, Lisa M. “Making Connections: Addressing the Pitfalls of White Faculty/Black Male Student Communication.” CCC. 53.3 (2002): 435-465.

Abstract:

Classroom assignments, especially papers, often serve as the catalyst for many of the interactions that take place between Black male students and white faculty. This essay identifies some of the pitfalls that contribute to the breakdown of communication between white faculty and Black male students during interactions over student writing; it points out the behaviors that both constrain and facilitate these interactions, and it offers suggestions for how faculty can improve their interactions with this population of students. The essay concludes with suggestions for improving faculty awareness of how racial dynamics impact student/faculty interactions over student writing.

Keywords:

ccc53.3 Students Faculty BlackStudents WhiteFaculty Whiteness AfricanAmerican Standards Work Classrooms Writing Race

Works Cited

Allen, Walker, Edgar Epps, and Nesha Haniff. College in Black and White: African American Students in Predominantly White and in Historically Black Public Universities . Albany: U of New York P, 1991.

Endo, Jean, and Richard Harpel. “The Effect of Student-Faculty Interaction on Students’ Educational Outcomes.” Research in Higher Education 16 (1982): 115-37.

Feldman, Robert, ed. The Social Psychology of Education: Current Research and Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1986.

Grant-Thompson, Sheila, and Donald Atkinson. “Cross-Cultural Mentor Effectiveness and African American Male Students.” Journal of Black Psychology 23 (1997): 120-34.

Kobrak, Peter. “Black Student Retention in Predominantly White Regional Universities: The Politics of Faculty Involvement.” Journal of Negro Education 61 (1992): 509-30.

Kroll, Barry, and Roberta Vann, eds. Exploring Speaking-Writing Relationships: Connections and Contrasts . Urbana, IL: NCTE, 1981.

Nettles, Michael, ed . Toward Black Undergraduate Student Equality in American Higher Education . New York: Greenwood, 1988.

Ong, Walter J. Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word . London: Methuen, 1982.

Pascarella, Ernest, and Patrick Terenzini. “Patterns of Student-Faculty Informal Interaction Beyond the Classroom and Voluntary Freshman Attrition.” Journal of Higher Education 48 (1977): 540-52.

Pascarella, Ernest, Patrick Terenzini, and James Hibel. “Student-Faculty Interactional Settings and Their Relationship to Predicted Academic Performance.” Journal of Higher Education 49 (1978): 450-63.

Schafer, John. “The Linguistic Analysis of Spoken and Written Texts.” Exploring Speaking-Writing Relationships: Connections and Contrasts . Ed. Barry Kroll and Roberta Vann. Urbana, IL: NCTE, 1981. 1-31.

Wilson, Robert. C., et al. College Professors and Their Impact on Students. New York: Wiley, 1975.

Word, Carl, Mark Zanna, and Joel Cooper. “The Nonverbal Mediation of Self- Fulfilling Prophecies in Interracial Interaction.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 10 (1974): 109-20.

Powell, Malea. “Rhetorics of Survivance: How American Indians Use Writing.” CCC. 53.3 (2002): 396-434.

Abstract:

In this story I listen closely to the ways in which two late nineteenth-century American Indian intellectuals, Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins and Charles Alexander Eastman, use the discourses about Indian-ness that circulated during that time period in order to both respond to that discourse and to reimagine what it could mean to be Indian. This use, I argue, is a critical component of rhetorics of survivance.

Keywords:

ccc53.3 Rhetoric Survivance AmericanIndian NativeAmerican CEastman SHopkins EuroAmerican Civilization Peoples Stories Audience Culture AmericanRhetoric

Works Cited

Berkhofer, Robert F. The White Man’s Indian . New York: Vintage, 1979.

Canfield, Gae Whitney. Sarah Winnemucca of the Northern Paiutes . Norman: U of Oklahoma P, 1983.

Churchill, Ward. Rev. of Ohiyesa: Charles Eastman, Santee Sioux , by Raymond Wilson. Western American Literature 19 (1984): 152-54.

—. “White Studies: The Intellectual Imperialism of U.S. Higher Education .” From a Native Son: Selected Essays on Indigenism, 1985-1995 . Boston: South End, 1996. 271-93.

Clark, Gregory, and S. Michael Halloran, eds. Oratorical Culture in Nineteenth- Century America: Transformation in the Theory and Practice of Rhetoric . Carbondale, IL: SIU P, 1993.

De Certeau, Michel. The Practice of Everyday Life . Trans. Steven Rendall. Berkeley: U of California P, 1984.

Drinnon, Richard. Facing West: The Metaphysics of Indian Hating and Empire Building. 1980. New York: Schocken, 1990.

DuBois, W.E.B. The Souls of Black Folk . 1903. New York: Dover, 1994.

Eastman, Charles Alexander. From the Deep Woods to Civilization . Boston: Little, Brown, 1916.

—. Indian Boyhood. 1902. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life, 1993.

—. The Soul of the Indian. 1911. Lincoln: U of Nebraska P, 1980.

Eastman, Elaine Goodale. “Foreword.” From the Deep Woods to Civilization. Boston: Little, Brown, 1916. xvii-xviii.

Gates, Merrill E. “Land and Law as Agents in Educating Indians.” Seventeenth Annual Report of the Board of Indian Commissioners . 1885. Rpt. in Americanizing the American Indians: Writings by the “Friends of the Indian” 1880-1900 . Ed. Francis Paul Prucha. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1973. 53-56.

Ginzberg, Lori D. Women and the Work of Benevolence: Morality, Politics, and Class in the Nineteenth Century United States. New Haven: Yale UP, 1990.

Hauptman, Laurence M. Rev. of Ohiyesa: Charles Eastman, Santee Sioux, by Raymond Wilson. Pacific Historical Review 53 (1984): 389.

Hopkins, Sarah Winnemucca. Life Among the Piutes: Their Wrongs and Claims . Boston, 1883. Bishop, CA: Chalfant P, 1969.

Hoxie, Frederick E. A Final Promise: The Campaign to Assimilate the Indians, 1880-1920 . Lincoln: U of Nebraska P, 1984.

Indian Rights Association. “Statement of Objectives.” Second Annual Report of the Executive Committee of the Indian Rights Association . 1885. Rpt. in Americanizing the American Indians: Writings by the “Friends of the Indian” 1880-1900 . Ed. Francis Paul Prucha. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1973. 42-44.

Jaimes, M. Annette, ed. The State of Native America: Genocide, Colonization, and Resistance . Boston: South End, 1992.

Lyons, Scott Richard. “Rhetorical Sovereignty: What Do American Indians Want From Writing?” College Composition and Communication 51 (2000): 447-68.

Mathes, Valerie Sherer . Helen Hunt Jackson and Her Indian Reform Legacy . Austin: U of Texas P, 1990.

Momaday, N. Scott. “The Man Made of Words.” Literature of the American Indians: Views and Interpretations. Ed. Abraham Chapman. New York: Meridian, 1975. 96-110.

Peabody, Elizabeth Palmer. The Piutes: Second Report of the Model School of Sarah Winnemucca. Cambridge: John Wilson & Son, UP, 1887.

—. Sarah Winnemucca’s Practical Solution of the Indian Problem: A Letter to Dr. Lyman Abbot of the “Christian Union.” Cambridge: John Wilson & Son, UP, 1886.

Pearce, Roy Harvey. Savagism and Civilization: A Study of the Indian and the American Mind . Berkeley: U of California P, 1988. Rev. ed. of The Savages of America. 1953.

Powell, Malea. “Imagining a New Indian.” Paradoxa 15 (2001): 211-26.

—. “Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins: Her Wrongs and Claims.” Native American Rhetorics. Ed. Ernest Stromberg. Carbondale, IL: SIU P, forthcoming.

Prucha, Francis Paul. The Great Father: The United States Government and the American Indians. 2 vols. Lincoln: U of Nebraska P, 1984.

Quinton, Amelia Stone. “Care of the Indian.” Woman’s Work in America. New York: Holt, 1891. 373-91.

Ronda, Bruce A. Letters of Elizabeth Palmer Peabody, American Renaissance Woman . Middletown, CT: Wesleyan UP, 1984.

Royster, Jacqueline Jones. “When the First Voice You Hear Is Not Your Own.” College Composition and Communication 47, (1996): 29-40.

Ruoff, A. LaVonne Brown. “Three Nineteenth- Century American Indian Autobiographers.” Redefining American Literary History . Ed. A. LaVonne Brown Ruoff and Jerry W. Ward, Jr. New York: MLA, 1990. 251-69.

Silko, Leslie Marmon. Ceremony . New York: Penguin, 1977.

Slotkin, Richard. Regeneration through Violence: The Mythology of the American Frontier, 1600-1860 . Middletown, CT: Wesleyan UP, 1973.

Spurr, David. The Rhetoric of Empire: Colonial Discourse in Journalism, Travel Writing, and Imperial Administration . Durham, NC: Duke UP, 1996.

Vizenor, Gerald. Crossbloods: Bone Courts, Bingo, and Other Reports . Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1976.

—. Fugitive Poses: Native American Indian Scenes of Absence and Presence . Lincoln: U of Nebraska P, 1998.

—. Manifest Manners: Postindian Warriors of Survivance . Hanover, CT: Wesleyan UP, 1994.

—. “Socioacupuncture: Mythic Reversals and the Striptease in Four Scenes.” The American Indian and the Problem of History . Ed. Calvin Martin. New York: Oxford UP, 1987. 180-91.

Warrior, Robert Allen. “The Columbus Quincentennial Is Nothing to Celebrate, But Five Hundred Years of Native People’s Resistance Is.” Without Discovery: A Native Response to Columbus . Ed. Ray Gonzalez. Seattle: Broken Moon, 1992. 15-18.

Wilson, Raymond. Ohiyesa: Charles Eastman, Santee Sioux . Urbana: U of Illinois P, 1983.

Wong, Hertha Dawn. Sending My Heart Back Across the Years: Tradition and Innovation in Native American Autobiography . New York: Oxford UP, 1992.

Zanjani, Sally. Sarah Winnemucca. Lincoln: U of Nebraska P, 2001.